With no additional evidence, some historians have pointed to a Native American council held in Salt Lake City on September 1, 1857. Even though Young blessed it as a place to begin anew,his fears of continued religious persecution may have caused him to order a massacre. But in 1517 Luther penned a document attacking the Catholic Churchs corrupt practice read more, Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world, with more than 2 billion followers. On Sept. 11, 1857, a group of California-bound pioneers camping in southern Utah were murdered by a Mormon militia and its Indian allies. He was the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death. How many nieces and nephew luther vandross have? Copies of Youngs letter exist both in rough draft and final draft form. Trumpeter Keyon . However, church president Joseph Smith insisted that his brother William Smith be selected in place of Young. If those who are there will leave let them go in peace. Death is not the end of our existencejust a change in our being. When Mormons were living in Daviess County, Missouri, he delivered a fiery oration on Independence Day of 1838 in which he promised that the Missourians who Mormons felt were persecuting them (the sentiments had some justification although Mormons did their fair share of antagonizing as well) would need to stop any disputes with the Mormons or face a war of extermination. The Indians we expect will do as they please but you should try and preserve good feelings with them. When the rumors expanded to include a claim that the pioneers were going to bring troops back from California to attack the Mormon settlements, a group of Mormons dressed as Native Americans attacked their wagon train and, after a three-day assault, killed all men, women, and children over the age of eight. His son, also named Alma, rebelled against everything he was taught. While not on missions, Young lived with the Latter Day Saints in Kirtland, Ohio and Far West, Missouri. No other group of people [comes] close.. Western Pride Enterprise. by Will Bagley and Ron Walker | Apr 1, 2003 | Features & Gunfights. Some testimony came in private interviews when there was no motive to lie. The mob killed men, women and all but 17 of the smallest children . As a church leader, Brigham Young stood in marked contrast to his predecessor, the charismatic, idealistic, and theologically innovative Joseph Smith. Ted's son and Rupert were more prominently involved in Season 1 but weren't seen much the following season. For example, George W. Bean was called as a Seventy at age 14; Don Carlos Smith was called to preside over the High Priests Quorum at age 19; Joseph F. Smith was ordained as an elder and sent on a mission at age 15; and George A. Smith was called to be a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy at age 17 and as an apostle in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles at age 21, making him the youngest apostle to ever serve in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (500 Little-Known Facts in Mormon History). Brigham Young (pictured) is revered by Mormons as the second prophet of modern times. Phineas Howe Young (also found as Phinehas) (February 16, 1799 October 10, 1879) was a prominent early convert in the Latter Day Saint movement and was later a Mormon pioneer and a missionary for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. Congress officially made polygamy illegal, killed by the estranged husband of one of Pratts polygamous wives. Despite the fact that the leader of the Mormon Church is supposed to relay Gods will to mankind, though, Brigham Young espoused some terrifyingly racist ideals. Reared in the famous Beehive House, Mrs. Spencer has carried with her through life the patient, loving influence of her parents. The trailer showed clips of the two of them being more involved in "Ted Lasso" Season 3, even if their roles may not be as big as some of the show's main characters. The nation was and remains horrified by what happened at Mountain Meadows. Because the historical past will always be opaque, historians must seek the weight of evidence, and in this case, the preponderance suggests Youngs innocence. He was the President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death in 1877. That progressed into a host of angels, then it evolved to God appearing to Smith in a pillar of fire. He later became a prominent pioneer in southern Utah, and St. George, Utah, may have been named after him. However, President Snow announced apostolic seniority should be gauged by the entry date into the Quorum of the Twelve, making Joseph Fielding Smith the next prophet. While it started with a small group of adherents, many historians regard read more, The political and religious leader Roger Williams (c. 1603?-1683) is best known for founding the state of Rhode Island and advocating separation of church and state in Colonial America. The only ones spared were 17 children under the age of eight, who were taken in by local Mormon families, and would later testify they saw their parents clothes and jewels being worn by locals. Young was born in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, the seventh child of John Young and Abigail Howe. Young unambiguously condoned the attack afterwards. Numerous records, including journal entries from those who experienced the attack and affidavits sworn against the Mormon mob, included allegations that the Mormon mob forced pregnant women and children out into the cold, stole livestock, and took prisoners for interrogation. On. Instead I tried to tell the story as honestly and accurately as possible and let readers make up their own minds about who ordered the slaughter of more than 80 women and childrenand why. 19. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! The Center for Family History and Genealogy was established at Brigham Young University in order to utilize BYU resources to simplify the process of finding of ancestors and the discovery of the world in which they lived. Young, himself, was subjected to house arrest for several weeks in 1872 and jailed briefly in March 1875. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. The last known version, the one in which he saw both God and Jesus, is the version contained in the Mormon book of scriptures known as the Pearl of Great Price and is the version taught both to the Latter-day Saint faithful and those considering converting to the faith. Many American Protestant religions promoted slavery or the Ku Klux Klan. However, he was not the youngest apostle ever ordained. It creates a sensation and sells books. Born into poverty in Vermont in 1801, Young later moved with his family to western New York, where he worked as a carpenter and craftsman. Here's the account in his own words: Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. Mormon Historians Shed Light On Sept. 11, 1857. "In regard to emigrating trains arriving and passing through our settlements," he wrote in a letter designed to restore calm in Southern Utah, "We must not interfere with them." . But I am determined by the help of God never to bear false witness against My Neighbour. Later, he complained that those who questioned him wanted lies, not truth. John D. Lee leading elder in Mt. Why Lee was selected as scapegoat remains unclear. PBS: American Experience. It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots discharged properly" (Remembering Joseph" by Mark L. McConkie, 73-74). Anti-Mormons have long claimed that Mormon leader Brigham Young ordered the massacre. This will always be so.. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. According to a BYU Scholars article, His speaking talent, organizational and leadership ability, and political sagacity were given untiringly to the service of his church. . The Anglican Church began its existence with a purging of Catholics. There's little data documenting the number of social . In August 1857, Young reactivated the Nauvoo Legion, a militia first created in pre-exodus Illinois. According to the record, Alma the Younger was "a very wicked and an idolatrous man. All Rights Reserved. They are also fascinated by stories of murder and especially murder on a grand scale. One wife of Apostle Orson Pratt actually died of neglect after getting sick while living in poverty because he wouldnt allocate enough money for her care. On August 29, 1877, Brigham Young died in Salt Lake City at. Former NFL running back Zac Stacy, 31, will spend half a year behind bars for a pair of vicious attacks on his ex-girlfriend one of which was caught on tape and quickly went viral. As Compton explains of Joseph F. Smith's ordination, which would later have a significant impact on Church history: Though John Willard "was publicly sustained as an assistant counselor to Brigham," he focused most of his time on business endeavors and lived most of his life in New York, according to Compton. In several speeches given to large gatherings of Latter-day Saints, he proclaimed that the only way a person could be absolved of the sin of leaving Mormonism would be for that person to have his or her blood spilled on the ground. Hiding Rockwells role in expressing Eleanor to Utah from my late friend Hal was evidence that had been carefully suppressed. Writing a polemic trying to blame Brigham Young would be self-defeating, just as writing an apologia to clear his skirts would ultimately have to justify murder. Nor did Pratts death stir blood lust. Dates 1940-1970 Creator Mackay, Eleanor White (Person) Language of Materials Materials are in English. He promised they wouldnt stop until the last drop of blood was spilled. And why does the Deseret News continue lying about Mountain Meadows to this day? The attack occurred on April 6. He married single women and widows. His brother Joseph was baptized the next day and Brigham Young was baptized approximately one week later. Phineas Young was an older brother of Brigham Young, who was the president of the LDS Church and the first governor of the Territory of Utah. Happyness (Skit) 05. Young won the leadership and Strang was considered a heretic and excommunicated from the Mormon Church. He was a brother of the Mormon prophet, Brigham Young (1801-1877). In 1833, after the death of his first wife, Young and his two daughters joined Smith and other Mormons in Kirtland, Ohio. Kauna unahang parabula na inilimbag sa bhutan? Although it would be ten more years before Congress officially made polygamy illegal, this provided further conflict with federal officials. The text of the speech was endorsed by Joseph Smith. Within five minutes, recalled massacre participant Dudley Leavitt, not one stone stood upon another., A few days later Young justified the massacre as a necessary act of righteous vengeance. The Utah War was resolved in 1858, with Young agreeing to step aside in favor of the new governor (though he remained de facto leader in the territory). Also in 1854, President Franklin Pierce attempted to replace Young as territory governor, but nominee Edward Steptoe declined, explaining that he could not perform his duties in the face of fanaticism in the mass of the people and a religious oligarchy., By 1857, with Youngs approval, the territorial assembly sent a blunt warning to incoming U.S. president James Buchanan. Then, his relationship with Joseph Smith (depicted above in a statue at the Temple Squares North Visitors Center) suffered due to a number of factors that strained the friendship including when Smith tried to marry Rigdons daughter (while Smith was already married) and his refusal to support polygamy. Seventeen children who were too young to remember the attack were spared. Dr. John C. Bennett, one of Smiths former close associates (who was no longer in the Church and deeply hated Smith at this point), wrote a letter to the Sangamo Journal in Carthage, Illinois, informing them that he inquired one day about the whereabouts of Orrin Porter Rockwell (Smiths bodyguard), and Smith replied that Rockwell had gone to fulfill prophecy. The following are a few facts necessary for an understanding of this terrible event in Western and Mormon history. As she goes back in memory to the old home, she revives the scenes and varied events . If I shoot, they get shot. Of course, anti-Young historians say otherwise. Rockwell never directly denied the crime, even when he was tried for it, insisting, Ive never shot at anybody. A wagon train of around 120 emigrants, mostly families from Arkansas, was bound for California. For instance, Joseph Smith was once attacked by an apostate from the Church, William Law, who "attempted to kill Joseph and fired a pistol at him six times at close range. Traditions abound for alums returning to campus and for students during Homecoming week, October 15-19, 2019. Seeking a place where they could avoid the persecution that had driven them from Ohio and Missouri, Young and the other apostles planned a westward exodus of thousands of Mormons from the settlement in Nauvoo, Illinois to the Great Salt Lake Valley, then part of Mexico. An anti-Mormon mob killed Joseph and Hyrum Smith in Carthage, Illinois. Sept. 11 was a tragic date in American history long before the terrorist attacks of 2001. Young testified that Cowdery's last statements were on the truth of Mormonism as revealed through Joseph Smith. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . Jun 2021 - Present1 year 10 months. Director Henry Hathaway Writers Louis Bromfield Lamar Trotti (screenplay) Stars Tyrone Power Linda Darnell Dean Jagger The Taylor Mill Police Department (TMPD). Johnson earned his freedom and owned a 250-acre farm, and his son . On April 15, 1832, Young and his brother John were baptized into the Latter Day Saint Church of Christ. Isaac Haights stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt Lake City for Youngs advice on September 6. Every Latter-day Saint knows the importance of the six days in August 1844 when Brigham Young and the Twelve Apostles were sustained at Nauvoo as Joseph Smith's successors. Letters of Brigham Young to His Sons Dean C. Jessee Stanford J. Layton Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Layton, Stanford J. However, the revelation that Smith said he received commanding polygamy specifically forbade women marrying more than one man. Sometimes, he would send the husbands on missions in foreign countries and marry their wives while they were away and unable to object. Yet no narrative has a daily summary of what went on using the rich documents compiled at the time or the growing body of historical literature on the topic. The winners of the Church History Museums 12th International Art Competition have been announced, and the artwork is breathtaking. Brigham Young later privately set apart three other sons and Joseph F. Smith as apostles who served as "assistant Counselors to the First Presidency.". Why did Brigham Young allegedly send a message telling Southern Utahns NOT to kill the emigrants unless he was countermanding previous orders? In a speech he gave as governor of Utah to the state legislature, he announced that Utah should have the right to practice slavery. On the other hand, Mormons have insisted that the massacre was perpetrated by local members acting without sanction from headquarters. Brigham Young neither ordered nor approved of the Mountain Meadows Massacre beforehand, but his unwillingness to cooperate with federal officials precipitated the crisis, and his subsequent actions and rhetoric inflamed tensions rather than calming them. Despite the fact that the Book of Mormon (which Smith said he translated by the power of God) denounces polygamy, Smith didnt stop with two wives and, before he died, he had married close to 40 women and possibly many more. The emigrants fell back to a defensive position, and the ambush became a siege. Finally, why has so much evidence been destroyed or purged from Mormon archives, and why has so much evidence been suppressed? A later biography of Ann Eliza Young termed her The Twenty-Seventh Wife. After guiding an exodus of thousands of Mormons westward to the Great Salt Lake Valley, Young founded Salt Lake City and served as the first governor of the Utah Territory. He was a model Latter-day Saint; a good man possessed in large measure with friendliness, integrity, optimism, and unswerving loyalty to his leaders., Smith had a strong relationship with both the Prophet Joseph Smith and President Brigham Young during his apostleship. Brent L. Top,professor of Church History and Doctrine at BYU, in an interview explained a little more about how these experiences influenced Brigham Young: In an article written by Top, he elaborates more on what Brigham Young taught about the life that awaits us after death: For more incredible insights into what prophets and apostles have taught about the spirit world, check out Life After Death: 6 Insights into the Spirit World. Jamie founded Listverse due to an insatiable desire to share fascinating, obscure, and bizarre facts. Meadows, not big enough to be a settlement, he reports to Bishop Higbee in Cedar City. You must not meddle with them. George A. Smith died in 1875 at age 58. TAMPA, Fla. Acting as his own lawyer, a double-murder defendant opened his death penalty trial by shouting at jurors that he did not attack his girlfriend and disabled daughter. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. Isaac Haight's stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt . Why did he shield the murderers and allow the churchs newspaper to blame the crime on the Paiutes for a dozen years after Jacob Hamblin told him Mormons were involved? Its no coincidence, then, that pulp fiction and Hollywood have used these ingredientsmystery, conspiracy and mass murderfor years. Brigham Young, second President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, better known as the Mormon Church, ranks among the most influential and important historical figures not just in Mormon, but also in American history. Sources conflict. Even in households where the men could afford their wives and offered them full financial support, sometimes jealousy and spite divided wives to the point that some would kill themselves to avoid having to live in heaven with their husbands and their sister wives. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. Following Haights orders, Lee negotiated a cease fire with the wagon company on September 11. . The latter is filed in sequential order in Youngs well-preserved and bound letter books. Life After Death: 6 Insights into the Spirit World. Young was not complicit in planning or executing the massacre. If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain [those of African descent], the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. According to this story, they told him that all religions existing at the time were abominations. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? No. In 1852, Young publicly acknowledged Mormon polygamy. [2] Shortly after their baptisms, Phineas Young and Joseph Young became ordained elders in the church began preaching as missionaries in New York and Upper Canada. After a standoff of several days, the Mormons called a truce, only to massacre most of the wagon train party, including some 120 men, women and children. His views on religious freedom read more, In 1950, L. Ron Hubbardthe founder of Scientologypublished his bestselling book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Though he originally conceived of Dianetics as a science of the mind, Hubbard later adapted his theories into a more religious approach, calling read more, The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas. Brigham Young Tyrone Power (Actor), Linda Darnell (Actor), Henry Hathaway (Director) Rated: Unrated Format: DVD 153 ratings IMDb 6.3/10.0 Amazon's Choice for "brigham young" $1297 Get Fast, Free Shipping with Amazon Prime FREE Returns DVD $12.97 VHS Tape $9.48 DVD July 15, 2003 1 $12.97 $8.75 $2.07 From Vailsburg To Vaudeville 04. Luther spent his early years in relative anonymity as a monk and scholar. In this company, Young served as a captain of ten.[8]. At Four Corners, in the southeast, Utah meets Colorado, New Mexico and Arizona at right angles, the only such meeting of states in the country. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. Why didnt he use his powers as territorial governor to hunt down the men who committed this despicable crime? So do some authors whove written about the Mountain Meadows Massacre. He was also the founder of Salt Lake City and the first governor of the Utah Territory, United States. While the church leaders temper and strong words at the pulpit earned him a reputation for coercion, in truth, those who knew him best often spoke of his caution and his abhorrence of bloodshed. Ron Walker is one of the three Mormon historians writing the upcoming rebuttal to be published by Oxford University Press. As any attorney knows, the problem with a guilty client is he acts guilty, and after the massacre Brigham Young never behaved like an innocent man. Fortunately, they are well documentedmany even by official Mormon publications. October 11, 1973. Buy this book The curious mix of folklore, suspicion and myth that still attaches to the Mormon experience stems largely from the church that. Polygamy was far worse for the women of Utah in the mid- to late 1800s than even the staunchest of feminists would likely guess. Rather than provide them with what they wanted, Lee chose to die like a man then [than] to live a villain.. While looking at a Tombstone photo, I saw a sign that says mule and ox shoes to order. Fiery yet full of doubt, frequently ill yet strong when it . (Right) John D. Lee. (Above) John D. Lee sits on his coffin moments before being executed for reportedly ordering the Mountain Meadows attack. Simpson murdered his wife. Smith sold Young a copy of the Book of Mormon and told him that it had been translated from ancient records by his brother Joseph Smith. What ever happened to Big Minnie of Tombstone? He was removed from his post but, when Rigdon was still Smiths second-in-command, his input helped shape much of Mormon theology and he also gave the majority of important sermons to the earliest Mormon congregations. An armed mob assassinated Smith in 1844, and Young and the other apostles took charge of leading the Mormon church. He and his men . . They were murdered by a small Mormon militia and its Indian allies in a horrible ploy: after a four-day gun battle with their attackers, the pioneers accepted a truce that turned out to be a deadly lie. How far apart were Wild Bill Hickok and Dave Tutt in their famous 1865 showdown in Springfield, Missouri? Bridger Walker, 6, is being hailed as a hero for protecting his 4-year-old sister from a dog attack. According to Bennett, Rockwell returned the day before news of the assassination attempt arrived at Nauvoo. Brigham Young's adopted son. As the emigrants began to leave, Lee and the militia butchered the men, women, and most of the children. She demanded Mormon authorities listen to the cry of his blood and take swift vengeance against the Fancher train, which had left Arkansas long before Pratt was killed. After fleeing hostile forces in Missouri and Illinois, Mormons settled in the Salt Lake Valley under Brigham Young and from there established colonies all over the West as well as in Mexico. However, Smith told as many as 10 versions of the story and many had serious contradictions. President Brigham Young ordained his 11-year-old son John Willard Young as an apostle shortly after John received his temple endowment, though John never joined the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. DJ Ferguson, who . Beginning in the 12th century and continuing for hundreds of years, the Inquisition is infamous for the severity of its tortures and its read more. By doing so, we may get a better understanding of Rupert, who . He stated in an 1861 sermon: When I reflect on how I found the gospel, I realize that my familys experiences informed two important pieces of my testimony. Further, Joseph H. Jackson, a new arrival to Nauvoo who had a shady past, later claimed in his memoirs that Joseph Smith offered him $3,000 to free Rockwell from prison and shoot Boggs. Good history must be based on facts. Though many suspected Young of ordering or at least covering up the attack, John Lee, an adopted son of Youngs, was the only Mormon brought to trial for the Mountain Meadows massacre; he was executed in 1877. Young considered all of the United States culpable for the death of Joseph Smith, and added an oath of vengeance to the Mormon temple endowment: You and each of you do covenant and promise that you will pray and never cease to pray to Almighty God to avenge the blood of the prophets upon this nation, and that you will teach the same to your children and to your childrens children unto the third and fourth generation.. After the death of Joseph Smith, the founder of Mormonism, the mantle of leader of the church was up for grabs. But Matt Easton, 24, political science valedictorian at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah said the timing was right to tell 10,000 people he was gay. The proclamation is very clear: . And in the fall of 1842, Brigham Young faced a mysterious and deadly illness. Salt Lake City would soon become the bustling center of life in theChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Join the celebration! March 28, 1884: Or was it March 8? If Washington continued to appoint office seekers and corrupt demagogues, Utahs citizens would send them away., Faced with this blatant insubordination, Buchanan ordered an army of 2,500 troops to Utah to install Alfred Cumming as the new governor. Such a day-by-day approach yields new understanding. A final investigation ultimately resulted in Lees execution in 1877, and other conspirators successfully going into hiding. Why do people say that forever is not altogether real in love and relationship. Why did he do nothing to return the stolen property of the 17 surviving orphans? In 1835, the Three Witnesses selected Young as one of the inaugural members of the Quorum of the Twelve. Phineas Young was a printer; building contractor; and Mormon bishop, missionary, and pioneer. Will Bagley, a history columnist for the Salt Lake Tribune, is the author of Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows published by the University of Oklahoma Press. Later in 1841, Young served a mission to Cincinnati and its environs with Franklin D. During Wyatt Earps later years, while he was living in Hollywood, were there any silent films or voice recordings made of him. Youngs defiant stance toward outside authority meant frequent clashes with the federal government, especially after the churchs public embrace of plural marriage in 1852. Young read the Bible verse the soldiers had inscribed on a cedar cross atop the monument: Vengeance is mine, saith the Lord., It should read, he said, Vengeance is mine, and I have taken a little. Young then directed the desecration of the grave. Hes still alive, isnt he?. Unfortunately, these actions and the menacing content of Sidney Rigdons July 4 speech led to Governor Lilburn Boggs signing an order to exterminate all Mormons in Missouri. [7], After Joseph Smith was killed in 1844, Young joined the majority of Latter Day Saints in accepting the leadership of Brigham Young and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. According to lds.org, George A. Smith was deeply committed to the Church since his baptism in 1832. Early in his life, Phineas was a Methodist preacher.[1]. Meanwhile, someone attempted to assassinate Governor Boggs, shooting him twice through the skull, once in the neck, and once in the throat. On September 4, Mormon stake president and major in the Nauvoo Legion Isaac Haight ordered Legion member John D. Lee to lead an attack on the company. The footage showed the massive professional athlete throwing the victim around her home with brutal force in front of their then-5-month-old son. [5], Young was married to Lucy, the half-sister of Oliver Cowdery. [3], In 1840, Young moved to Scott County, Illinois when the Latter Day Saints were expelled from Missouri. Matthew Bowman, The Mormon People: The Making of an American Faith (Random House, 2012). In 1841, Joseph Smith announced a prophesy that Governor Boggs (pictured above) would, within a year, meet a violent demise.