This is by far the most important flight instructor responsibility. the aircraft. Once an emergency is declared, air traffic control (ATC) gives the pilot priority handling. Now, the student must visualize how he or she will handle the unexpected change, During this visualization, the flight instructor can ask questions to check the students thought processes. When this training technique is used, instruction in the control of an aircraft by outside visual references is integrated with instruction in the use of flight instrument indications for the same operations, It important for the student to establish the habit of observing and relying on flight instruments from the beginning of flight training. The following are examples of distractions that can be used for this training: Drop a pencil. If fatigue occurs as a result of application to a learning task, the student should be given a break in instruction and practice, A CFI who is familiar with the signs indicative to acute fatigue will be more aware if the student is experiencing them. Note: Taxi is defined
Providing this atmosphere for learning is one of the first and most important tasks of the instructor. 08. jna 2022 . because our cruise altitude was 8000 feet, and we were accustomed to conversation
by flight attendants during the sterile cockpit period can be distracting and
Sixty percent of stall/spin accidents occurred during takeoff and landing, and twenty percent were preceded by engine failure. The sterile cockpit rule was designed
The possible consequences, both to themselves and to others, of experiments with flight operations in weather conditions below visual flight rules (VFR) minimums before they are instrument rated should be constantly impressed on the students. A series of aircraft accidents caused by flight crews who were distracted from their flight duties during critical phases of the flight caused the FAA to propose the rule. The goal of system safety is for pilots to utilize all four concepts (ADM, risk management, situational awareness, and SRM) so that risk can be reduced to the lowest possible level, ADM is a systematic approach to the mental process used by aircraft pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances.
Explaining the Role of the Instructor - Troop 719 clearances and altitude deviations) increases when a crew member is out of the
Informing the tower of the balked landing should be accomplished only after these tasks are completed. require, nor may any flight crew member perform any duties during a critical
A subsequent investigation
section, critical phase of flight involves all ground operations involving
Once the instructor loses student confidence, it is difficult to regain, and the learning rate is unnecessarily diminished, Student anxiety may place additional burdens on the instructor. to fly together for several days and never discuss anything except items related
before landing. No distinction in the pilots operation of the flight controls is permitted, regardless of whether outside references or instrument indications are used for the performance of the maneuver. The instructor must be alert and ensure the students understand the objectives of each step of their training, and that they know at the completion of each lesson exactly how well they have progressed and what deficiencies are apparent. light" that can be illuminated when descending below 10,000 feet and extinguished
For example, advanced navigation and autopilot systems are valuable resources flight instructors must ensure students know how to use. (a) No certificate holder shall
Sterile Flight Deck | SKYbrary Aviation Safety indicated that the pilot was having a conversation with a passenger who
The explanation phase also should include coverage of appropriate safety procedures. While the regulation grew out of accidents in the airline industry, it holds true for the entire aviation community. If a misunderstanding exists, it can be corrected before the student becomes absorbed in controlling the aircraft, Application is the third step in this method. a very fine elucidation. When a flight crew's
With a little arm twisting I convinced him . In aviation, the sterile flight deck rule or sterile cockpit rule is a procedural requirement that during critical phases of flight (normally below 10,000 ft or 3,050 m), only activities required for the safe operation of the aircraft may be carried out by the flight crew, and all non-essential activities in the cockpit are forbidden. When pointing out areas that need improvement, offer concrete suggestions that help. Students who do not understand the principles involved will probably not be able to do this successfully, Flight instructors have the responsibility to provide guidance and restraint with respect to the solo operations of their students. The most effective cure is prevention. Studies have identified five hazardous attitudes that can affect a pilots ability to make sound decisions and exercise authority properly. But a valuable
[Figure 8-2], Assignment of goals the student considers difficult, but possible, usually provides a challenge and promotes learning. Numerous accidents have occurred due to a lack of communication or misunderstanding regarding who had actual control of the aircraft, particularly between students and flight instructors. Instructors should also take care to clearly describe the actions students are expected to perform. These same abilities, as well as an objective analysis of all available information, are used to determine the exact nature and severity of the problem, One critical error that can be made during the decision-making process is incorrectly defining the problem. Aspiring instructors should be prepared to specialise and dedicate their careers to the field of training, leaving others to management and operational leadership. The best way to illustrate this concept to students is to discuss specific situations that lead to aircraft accidents or incidents. involving high elevation airports, where 10,000 feet MSL for the sterile cockpit
Traditional pilot instruction has emphasized flying skills, knowledge of the aircraft, and familiarity with regulations. Collaborative assessment is used to evaluate whether certain learning criteria were met during the SBT, Collaborative assessment includes two partslearner self-assessment and a detailed assessment by the flight instructor. This is true no matter how diligently they attempt to apply themselves to the learning task, A minor illness, such as a cold, major illness, or injury, interferes with the normal rate of learning. However, keep in mind that the required amount of lead really depends on the type of turn, turn rate, and roll-out rate. airmanship in not monitoring altitude and course information. The sterile cockpit rule is a good rule because
By explaining a specific maneuver in greater detail or offering some additional encouragement, the instructor may be able to alleviate some of the students stress, To help students manage the accumulation of life stresses and prevent stress overload, instructors can recommend several techniques. She also contacts the nearest AFSS to amend her flight plan and check weather conditions at the new destination. They naturally accept the fact that the manipulation of the flight controls is identical, regardless of which references are used to determine the attitude of the aircraft. After an intensive look at ADM, it closes with a discussion of CFI recommendations and endorsements, A CFI must be thoroughly familiar with the functions, characteristics, and proper use of all flight instruments, avionics, and other aircraft systems being used for training. The instructor should be satisfied that the student is well prepared and understands the task before starting.
The Sterile Cockpit - NASA Stress is an inevitable and necessary part of life; it adds motivation and heightens an individuals response to meet any challenge, Everyone is stressed to some degree all the time. In this case, the students knowledge of the aircraft, the POH, an instructor or other experienced pilot, or an AMT can be a resource which may help define the problem, During cross-country training, students may be asked to consider the following situation. by analysts as having some relevance to the sterile cockpit rule. procedures for this, such as a "10,000 foot PA announcement," or a
Pilot error means that an action or decision made by the pilot was the cause of, or contributing factor to, the accident. For example, have a student visualize how the flight may occur under normal circumstances, with the student describing how he or she would fly the flight. call to the flight attendants on the interphone. On a cross-country flight, you become disoriented. From Flight
for 'total concentration-sterile cockpit' procedures." related to flight safety, it's in violation with the sterile cockpit rule. Instructor responsibilities include teaching the student to divide his or her attention between the distracting task and maintaining control of the aircraft. to flying the aircraft. Maintain coordinated flight by applying rudder in the direction of the turn, Remember, the ailerons control the roll rate, as well as the angle of bank. items totally unrelated to flying. Daniels decision to help Mary develop personal weather minimums reflects a key component of the flight instructors job: providing the student with the tools to ensure safety during a flight. When the decision-making process is presented to students, it is essential to discuss how the process applies to an actual flight situation. Since this is a learning phase rather than an evaluation phase of the training, errors or unsafe practices should be identified and corrected in a positive and timely way. The examples shown contain the essential elements of each endorsement. A flight instructor who makes a practical test recommendation for an applicant seeking a certificate or rating should require the applicant to demonstrate thoroughly the knowledge and skill level required for that certificate or rating. As discussed in chapters 4 and 5, SBT uses a highly structured script of real-world experiences to address aviation training objectives in an operational environment. For example, in the event of an engine fire, the pilot initiates an emergency descent. The intentional practice of stalls and spins seldom resulted in an accident. when the crew diverted attention from the task at hand and became occupied with
conversation with jump seat riders. For example, when en route, the student can be asked to explain the actions that need to be taken during the approach to the airport. This tendency will dissipate with time, but allowing the student to see the effect of his or her control input is a valuable aid in illustrating the stability of the aircraft. sterile cockpit rule is really important, so we'll adhere to it. (c) For the purposes of this section, critical phases of flight includes all ground operations involving taxi, takeoff and landing, and all other flight operations conducted below 10,000 feet, except cruise flight. Duties such as company required calls made for non-safety
The student should be able to describe the procedures for traffic pattern entry and landing preparation. No person about to undergo major
This is particularly true of modern, complex, or high-performance aircraft, which are responsive to the use of correct operating airspeeds, The use of correct power settings and climb speeds and the accurate control of headings during climbs result in a measurable increase in climb performance. This is why once an initial assumption is made regarding the problem, other sources must be used to verify that the pilots conclusion is correct, While on a cross-country flight, Brenda discovers her time en route between two checkpoints is significantly longer than the time she originally calculated. But as this review
Objective: There is general enthusiasm for applying strategies from aviation directly to medical care; the application of the "sterile cockpit" rule to surgery has accordingly been suggested. operations conducted below 10,000 feet MSL, except cruise flight. In assessing the ability of a student, the instructor initially determines if he or she understands the procedure or maneuver. For example, if the student consistently makes a decision not to fly, even though weather briefings indicate favorable conditions, it may be due to apprehension regarding the lesson content. These problems are often due to inadequacies of the course or of the instructor. When the pilot becomes task saturated, there is no awareness of inputs from various sources; decisions may be made on incomplete information, and the possibility of error increases. cockpit and cabin crew members the captain can politely say, "I think the
Fatigue can be either acute (short-term) or chronic (long-term). This may be done as each procedure or maneuver is completed or summarized during postflight critiques. The Sterile Cockpit/Flight Deck concept involves the restriction of flight crew member activity to that which is operationally essential during busy phases of flight - taxi out, take off, initial climb, intermediate and final approach, landing, and taxi in. instructors can demonstrate the sterile cockpit concept by instructors can demonstrate the sterile cockpit concept by. Recent studies of midair collisions determined that: Flight instructors were onboard the aircraft in 37 percent of the accidents in the study, Most of the aircraft involved in collisions are engaged in recreational flying not on any type of flight plan, Most midair collisions occur in VFR weather conditions during weekend daylight hours, The vast majority of accidents occurred at or near nontowered airports and at altitudes below 1,000 feet, Pilots of all experience levels were involved in midair collisions, from pilots on their first solo, to 20,000 hour veterans, Most collisions occur in daylight with visibility greater than 3 miles, It is imperative to introduce 14 CFR section 91.113 "Right-of-way" rules to the student. The deficiencies listed below are apparent to others before the individual notices any physical signs of fatigue, Another form of fatigue is chronic fatigue which occurs when there is not enough time for a full recovery from repeated episodes of acute fatigue. be most effective, crews need to talk -- even if it is just merely "get
The flight instructor should demonstrate good aviation sense at all times: Before the flightdiscuss safety and the importance of a proper preflight and use of the checklist, During flightprioritize the tasks of aviating, navigating, and communicating. During the postflight evaluation, collaborative assessment is used to evaluate whether certain learning criteria were met during the SBT, Collaborative assessment includes learner self-assessment and a detailed assessment by the aviation instructor. Chronic fatigues underlying cause is generally not "rest-related" and may have deeper points of origin. With potentially hazardous or difficult maneuvers, the instructor should be alert and ready to take control at any time. If you wish to contribute or participate in the discussions about articles you are invited to join SKYbrary as a registered user. excellent, Mike. If students are exposed to ATC as much as possible during training, they feel confident asking controllers to clarify instructions and are better equipped to use ATC as a resource for assistance in unusual circumstances or emergencies, Throughout training, students can be asked to identify internal and external resources, which can be used in a variety of flight situations. This is where learning takes place and where performance habits are formed. of impact was 1,200 feet MSL. A successful CFI points out the potential for the behavior and teaches the student the antidote for that attitude.
Critical phase distractions in anaesthesia and the sterile cockpit concept At the time of the crash,
14 CFR Section 91.3, Responsibility and Authority of the Pilot in Command, states that "In an inflight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency", Flight instructors should incorporate ADM, risk management, situational awareness, and SRM throughout the entire training course for all levels of students. It is recommended that the Captain, during the pre-departure
instructors can demonstrate the sterile cockpit concept by The importance of teaching students effective ADM skills can not be overemphasized.